Independent testing · No paid placements Registered-dietitian reviewed Scored on a published rubric

Nutrition science

Nutrition science explained: calories, energy and macronutrients

Plain-English, evidence-based answers to the questions that decide whether tracking works — how many calories you actually need, where energy expenditure comes from, and what protein, fibre, sugar and sodium really do. Every explainer is dietitian-written and, where it touches health, physician-reviewed.

Calorie tracker rankings

Calorie tracker rankings

The best calorie tracking app in 2026

An evidence-grade evaluation of eight calorie tracking apps — tested for photo accuracy, speed, database depth and macros. Welling AI leads, scored 0–100.

Energy & calories

Energy & calories

How many calories should you eat a day?

A plain-English guide to daily calorie needs — what a calorie is, what drives your requirement, and how to set a target for weight loss, maintenance or gain.

Energy & calories

What is TDEE? Energy expenditure

TDEE is the total energy you burn each day. Here's how BMR, the thermic effect of food, NEAT and exercise add up — and why it sets your calorie target.

Energy & calories

Calories in vs calories out

Energy balance is real, but 'calories in, calories out' hides nuance. Here's what CICO gets right, where it breaks down, and how to use it.

Energy & calories

How accurate is calorie counting?

Food labels, databases and photo estimates all carry error. Here's where calorie-counting error comes from, how big it is, and how to limit it.

Macronutrients

Macronutrients

How much protein do you need per day?

Protein needs depend on your goal and body weight. Here's what the research says about daily protein, and why it matters for muscle and satiety.

Macronutrients

Macronutrients explained

Protein, carbohydrate and fat supply your calories. Here's what each does, the calories they carry, and how to set your macro split.

Macronutrients

How much fibre do you need per day?

Most people eat far too little fibre. Here's how much you need, the difference between soluble and insoluble, and why it helps with weight.

Micronutrients & health

Micronutrients & health

Added sugar vs total sugar

Not all sugar is equal. Here's the difference between added and total sugar, how much is too much, why added sugar is the one to watch, and how to track it.

Micronutrients & health

Sodium and blood pressure

Most people eat far more sodium than they realise, and it matters for blood pressure. Here's the daily limit, where it hides, and how to track it.

Micronutrients & health

Micronutrients: what calorie counts miss

Calories and macros are only half the picture. Here's why micronutrients matter, which ones people lack, and how to track nutrient quality.